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1.
J. bras. pneumol ; 43(4): 253-258, July-Aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893849

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Inspiratory fall in intrathoracic pressure during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) may precipitate cardiac dysfunction and acute pulmonary edema. We aimed to determine the relationship between radiological signs of pulmonary congestion prior to an SBT and weaning outcomes. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study involving patients in an adult medical-surgical ICU. All enrolled individuals met the eligibility criteria for liberation from mechanical ventilation. Tracheostomized subjects were excluded. The primary endpoint was SBT failure, defined as the inability to tolerate a T-piece trial for 30-120 min. An attending radiologist applied a radiological score on interpretation of digital chest X-rays performed before the SBT. Results: A total of 170 T-piece trials were carried out; SBT failure occurred in 28 trials (16.4%), and 133 subjects (78.3%) were extubated at first attempt. Radiological scores were similar between SBT-failure and SBT-success groups (median [interquartile range] = 3 [2-4] points vs. 3 [2-4] points; p = 0.15), which, according to the score criteria, represented interstitial lung congestion. The analysis of ROC curves demonstrated poor accuracy (area under the curve = 0.58) of chest x-rays findings of congestion prior to the SBT for discriminating between SBT failure and SBT success. No correlation was found between fluid balance in the 48 h preceding the SBT and radiological score results (ρ = −0.13). Conclusions: Radiological findings of pulmonary congestion should not delay SBT indication, given that they did not predict weaning failure in the medical-surgical critically ill population. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02022839 [http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/])


RESUMO Objetivo: A queda inspiratória da pressão intratorácica durante o teste de respiração espontânea (TRE) pode provocar disfunção cardíaca e edema pulmonar agudo. Nosso objetivo foi determinar a relação entre sinais radiológicos de congestão pulmonar antes do TRE e desfechos do desmame. Métodos: Análise post hoc de um estudo prospectivo de coorte envolvendo pacientes em uma UTI medicocirúrgica de adultos. Todos os indivíduos incluídos preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade para liberação da ventilação mecânica. Pacientes traqueostomizados foram excluídos. O desfecho primário foi o fracasso do TRE, cuja definição foi a incapacidade de tolerar o teste de tubo T durante 30-120 min. Um radiologista assistente usou um escore radiológico na interpretação de radiografias de tórax digitais realizadas antes do TRE. Resultados: Foram realizados 170 testes de tubo T; o TRE fracassou em 28 (16,4%), e 133 indivíduos (78,3%) foram extubados na primeira tentativa. Os escores radiológicos foram semelhantes nos grupos fracasso e sucesso do TRE [mediana (intervalo interquartil) = 3 (2-4) pontos vs. 3 (2-4) pontos; p = 0,15] e caracterizaram, segundo os critérios do escore, congestão pulmonar intersticial. A análise das curvas ROC revelou que os achados de congestão na radiografia de tórax antes do TRE apresentavam baixa precisão (área sob a curva = 0,58) para discriminar entre fracasso e sucesso do TRE. Não houve correlação entre o balanço hídrico nas 48 h anteriores ao TRE e os resultados do escore radiológico (ρ = −0,13). Conclusões: Achados radiológicos de congestão pulmonar não deveriam atrasar o TRE, já que não previram o fracasso do desmame na população médico-cirúrgica em estado crítico. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02022839 [http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/])


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pulmonary Edema/diagnostic imaging , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/prevention & control , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Cohort Studies
2.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 12(1): 28-33, ene. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869153

ABSTRACT

Despite the advances in intensive care treatment, pediatric weaning still has the art as an important component. As a difference from the adults, there are no confidential predictors index or protocols that replace clinical judgement. Two types of failure are mentioned: weaning and extubation failure. The last one, with a rate ranges from 4.1 to 19 percent, show association with age, mechanical ventilation time and in a minor proportion, sedatives quantity and time of use. Upper airway obstruction have been described as the most important single cause of extubation failure. As in weaning, we still don’t have precise predict tests and criteria, but some of them could help in the extubation decision.


A pesar de los avances en cuidados intensivos, el weaning pediátrico aún tiene un componente importante de arte. A diferencia de los adultos, aún no contamos con índices predictores o protocolos precisos y confiables, que ofrezcan algún aporte que supere el juicio clínico. Se distinguen 2 tipos de falla: weaning, previo a la extubación, y la de extubación. Esta última, con un rango entre 4.1 -19 por ciento, muestra asociación con edad, tiempo de ventilación mecánica y en menor cuantía, al tiempo y cantidad de sedantes utilizados. Como elemento causal único de mayor importancia se describe a la obstrucción de la vía aérea alta. Al igual que en el weaning, aún no contamos con criterios y pruebas predictivas precisos, pero algunos elementos pueden ayudar a la toma de decisiones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Ventilator Weaning/standards , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Clinical Protocols , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects
3.
Med. infant ; 23(4): 299-302, diciembre 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-885119

ABSTRACT

Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado durante el período 2010-2011. Se incluyeron en el estudio los pacientes que se internaron en el CIM 62 del hospital Garrahan con traqueostomía realizada durante dicha internación. Se registraron 88 pacientes. La mayoría de ellos (85%) presentaban alguna Enfermedad de Base previa a la realización de la traqueostomía, siendo la enfermedad neurológica la más frecuente. El principal motivo de realización de traqueostomía fue el fracaso en la extubación/ARM prolongada. Los pacientes presentaron una estancia media de internación de 35 días posteriores a la realización de la traqueostomía. Actualmente se está desarrollando un Programa de Entrenamiento en el manejo de la traqueostomía con el objetivo de agilizar su egreso (AU)


A retrospective descriptive study was conducted over the period 2010-2011. Patients admitted to CIM 62 of hospital Garrahan who required a tracheostomy during their hospital stay were included in the study. Overall, 88 patients were included. The majority (85%) presented with some underlying disease, most frequently a neurological disorder, previous to the tracheostomy, The main reason for tracheostomy was extubation failure/prolonged MV. Mean hospital stay before tracheostomy was 35 days. Currently a training program for tracheostomy placement is being developed to streamline discharge (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Caregivers/education , Child, Hospitalized , Tracheostomy , Mentoring , Retrospective Studies , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects
4.
In. Feltrim, Maria Ignêz Zanetti; Nozawa, Emília; Silva, Ana Maria Pereira Rodrigues da. Fisioterapia cardiorrespiratória na UTI cardiológica. São Paulo, Blucher, 2015. p.57-64.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-765295
5.
São Paulo med. j ; 131(3): 158-165, 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-679558

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE There are no reports on reintubation incidence and its causes and consequences during the postoperative period following elective intracranial surgery. The objective here was to evaluate the incidence of reintubation and its causes and complications in this situation. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective cohort study, using data obtained at a tertiary university hospital between 2003 and 2006. METHODS 169 patients who underwent elective intracranial surgery were studied. Preoperative assessment was performed and the patients were followed up until hospital discharge or death. The rate of reintubation with its causes and complications was ascertained. RESULTS The incidence of reintubation was 12.4%, and the principal cause was lowered level of consciousness (71.5%). There was greater incidence of reintubation among females (P = 0.028), and greater occurrence of altered level of consciousness at the time of extubation (P < 0.0001). Reintubated patients presented longer duration of mechanical ventilation (P < 0.0001), longer stays in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the hospital (P < 0.0001), greater incidence of pulmonary complications (P < 0.0001), greater need for reoperation and tracheostomy, and higher mortality (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The incidence of reintubation in these patients was 12.4%. The main cause was lowering of the level of consciousness. Female gender and altered level of consciousness at the time of extubation correlated with higher incidence of reintubation. Reintubation was associated with pulmonary complications, longer durations of mechanical ventilation, hospitalization and stay in the ICU, greater incidence of tracheostomy and mortality. .


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO Não há relatos sobre incidência de reintubação, suas causas e consequências no pós-operatório de cirurgia intracraniana eletiva. O objetivo foi avaliar a incidência de reintubação, suas causas e complicações em pós-operatório de cirurgia intracraniana eletiva. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL Estudo de coorte prospectivo, com dados que foram obtidos de 2003 a 2006 em um hospital universitário terciário. MÉTODO 169 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia intracraniana eletiva foram estudados. Foi realizada avaliação pré-operatória e os pacientes foram acompanhados até a alta hospitalar ou óbito, verificando a taxa de reintubação, suas causas e complicações. RESULTADOS A incidência de reintubação foi de 12,4% sendo a principal causa o rebaixamento do nível de consciência (71,5%). Houve maior incidência de reintubação no sexo feminino (P = 0,028), bem como do nível de consciência alterado no momento da extubação (P < 0,0001). Pacientes reintubados apresentaram maior tempo de ventilação mecânica (P < 0,0001) e de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e hospitalar (P < 0,0001), maior incidência de complicações pulmonares (P < 0,0001), maior necessidade de reoperação e traqueostomia, além de aumento de mortalidade (P < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO A incidência de reintubação nesses pacientes foi de 12,4%. A principal causa da reintubação foi o rebaixamento do nível de consciência. O sexo feminino e nível de consciência alterado no momento da extubação foram relacionados à maior incidência ...


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cerebrovascular Disorders/surgery , Consciousness Disorders/therapy , Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data , Elective Surgical Procedures , Analysis of Variance , Consciousness Disorders/etiology , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Lung Diseases/etiology , Lung Diseases/therapy , Postoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Sex Factors , Tracheostomy/adverse effects , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 44(12): 1291-1298, Dec. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-606545

ABSTRACT

Patients undergoing neurosurgery are predisposed to a variety of complications related to mechanical ventilation (MV). There is an increased incidence of extubation failure, pneumonia, and prolonged MV among such patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of extubation failure and prolonged MV on the following variables: postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC), mortality, reoperation, tracheostomy, and duration of postoperative hospitalization following elective intra-cranial surgery. The study involved a prospective observational cohort of 317 patients submitted to elective intracranial surgery for tumors, aneurysms and arteriovenous malformation. Preoperative assessment was performed and patients were followed up for the determination of extubation failure and prolonged MV (>48 h) until discharge from the hospital or death. The occurrence of PPC, incidence of death, the need for reoperation and tracheostomy, and the length of hospitalization were assessed during the postoperative period. Twenty-six patients (8.2 percent) experienced extubation failure and 30 (9.5 percent) needed prolonged MV after surgery. Multivariate analysis showed that extubation failure was significant for the occurrence of death (OR = 8.05 [1.88; 34.36]), PPC (OR = 11.18 [2.27; 55.02]) and tracheostomy (OR = 7.8 [1.12; 55.07]). Prolonged MV was significant only for the occurrence of PPC (OR = 4.87 [1.3; 18.18]). Elective intracranial surgery patients who experienced extubation failure or required prolonged MV had a higher incidence of PPC, reoperation and tracheostomy and required a longer period of time in the ICU. Level of consciousness and extubation failure were associated with death and PPC. Patients who required prolonged MV had a higher incidence of extubation failure.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Airway Extubation/adverse effects , Brain Diseases/surgery , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/surgery , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects , Cohort Studies , Elective Surgical Procedures , Postoperative Complications , Prospective Studies , Respiration, Artificial , Risk Factors , Time Factors
7.
Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences [The]. 2011; 15 (1): 93-96
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-110214

ABSTRACT

Unplanned Extubation [UE] is a major and well-recognized complication of translaryngeal intubation and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and longer ICU and hospital stay. This cross - sectional study was performed at the 12-bed ICU of Rajaei Hospital in Qazvin over a 6-month period from July to December 2009 to determine the prevalence of UE. This complication is defined as accidental removal of endotracheal tube [ETT] or deliberate removal of ETT by patient. In our study the prevalence of UE was 32%. Since in the present study 92.5% of patients with UE removed their own endotracheal tubes, it seems that more attention in providing proper education associated with fixation of ETT and limiting the patient's hands is needed


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiration, Artificial/mortality , Intensive Care Units , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects
8.
Pediatria (Säo Paulo) ; 33(1): 13-20, 2011. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-607250

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Determinar a incidência de falha na extubação em recém-nascidos prematuros extubados, utilizando-se pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas nasais, e identificar os principais fatores de risco que possam estar associados à necessidade de reintubação nessa população. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes internados e submetidos a ventilação mecânica invasiva posterior a extubação, utilizando-se pressão positiva contínua por cânula nasal durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2008. Falha na extubação foi definida como necessidade de reintubação nas primeiras 48 horas após a primeira tentativa de extubação. Resultados: Dentre os 348 pacientes estudados, 73 foram submetidos a essa tentativa de desmame, sendo que apenas 12 (16,4%) tiveram falha na extubação, e a média de horas extubadas até a reintubação foi de 7,17, com desvio padrão de 6,38. Comparando esses recém-nascidos com aqueles extubados com sucesso, observou-se correlação significativa em relação ao tempo de ventilação mecânica invasiva (p < 0,032) e tempo de internação na unidade (p < 0,028). Alguns resultados secundários também foram diferentes:dos que obtiveram falha na extubação, 67% apresentaram sepse neonatal tardia. Conclusões: O estudo demonstrou uma incidência de falha na extubação semelhante à da literatura. O principal fator de risco para falha nessa população foi o tempo de ventilação mecânica invasiva e o tempo de internação. Nesses prematuros extremos, a implementação de estratégias para extubação precoce e o uso de outros métodos de assistência ventilatória com protocolos pré e pós-extubação podem contribuir para a melhora desses resultados.


Objectives: To determine the incidence of extubation failure in preterm infants extubated using continuous positive airway pressure and to identify the main risk factors that may be associated with reintubation in this population. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients admitted and submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation after extubation using continuous positive airway pressure by nasal cannula during the period from January to December 2008. Extubation failure was defined as the need for reintubation within 48 hours after the first attempt of extubation. Results: Among the 348 patients studied, 73 were submitted to this attempt at weaning, and only 12 (16.4%) had failed extubation; the average hours until reintubation was 7.17, with standard deviation of 6.38. Comparing these newborns with those successfully extubated, a significant correlation in relation to the time of mechanical ventilation (p < 0.032) and period of admission in the unit (p < 0.028) were observed. Some secondary outcomes were also different: of those who have failed extubation, 67% had late neonatal sepsis. Conclusions: The study showed an incidence of extubation failure similar to that found in literature. The main risk factor for failure in this population was the time of invasive mechanical ventilation and period of hospitalization. In these extremely premature infants, the implementation of strategies for early extubation and the use of other methods of assisted ventilation with pre- and post-extubation may contribute to the improvement of these results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects , Ventilator Weaning/mortality , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Infant Mortality , Infant, Premature , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , Respiration, Artificial , Risk Factors
10.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 85(5): 397-402, set.-out. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BVSAM | ID: lil-530114

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a incidência de falha de extubação em recém-nascidos prematuros com peso de nascimento < 1.250 g extubados para pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas nasais e identificar os principais fatores de risco que possam estar associados à necessidade de reintubação nessa população. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes internados e ventilados mecanicamente durante o período de julho de 2002 a junho de 2004. Falha na extubação foi definida como necessidade de reintubação nos primeiros 7 dias após a primeira tentativa de extubação. RESULTADOS: Entre 52 pacientes estudados, 13 faleceram antes da primeira tentativa de extubação. Do restante, apenas nove falharam na extubação (23,1 por cento). Comparando esses recém-nascidos com aqueles extubados com sucesso, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação a peso de nascimento, idade gestacional e escore de Apgar no 5º minuto. Após a regressão logística, apenas a idade gestacional se manteve significativa. Alguns resultados secundários também foram significativamente diferentes: incidência de hemorragia intracraniana graus III e/ou IV, persistência do canal arterial e óbito. CONCLUSÕES: Nosso estudo demonstrou uma incidência de falha na extubação semelhante à da literatura. O principal fator de risco para falha nessa população foi a prematuridade (≤ 28 semanas). Nesses prematuros extremos, a implementação de estratégias para extubação precoce, o uso de metilxantinas, a prevenção da abertura do canal arterial e o uso de outros métodos de assistência ventilatória pós-extubação podem contribuir para a melhora desses resultados.


OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of extubation failure in preterm newborns with birth weight < 1,250 g extubated to nasal continuous positive airway pressure and to identify the main risk factors associated with the need for reintubation in this population. METHODS: A retrospective review of eligible infants admitted and mechanically ventilated between July 2002 and June 2004 was performed. Extubation failure was defined as the need for reintubation within 7 days after the first extubation attempt. RESULTS: Of the 52 patients included in the study, 13 died before the first extubation attempt. Of the remaining 39 patients, only nine failed extubation (23.1 percent) Comparing the two groups (failure vs. successful), there was a statistically significant difference regarding birth weight, gestational age and 5-minute Apgar score. After logistic regression, only gestational age was significant. Other secondary outcomes showed significant difference between the groups: intracranial hemorrhage grade III and/or IV, patent ductus arteriosus and death. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of extubation failure in our population was similar to the rate reported in the literature. The main risk factor for extubation failure was prematurity (≤ 28 weeks). In this population of extreme preterm infants, implementation of strategies for early extubation, use of methylxanthines, prevention of patent ductus arteriosus, and use of different modes of assisted ventilation after extubation may improve the outcomes.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Birth Weight , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects , Epidemiologic Methods , Infant, Premature , Retreatment/statistics & numerical data , Treatment Failure
11.
J. bras. pneumol ; 35(6): 541-547, jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519306

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho diagnóstico do índice de respiração rápida e superficial (IRRS) na predição do insucesso da extubação de pacientes adultos em terapia intensiva e verificar a adequação do valor de corte clássico para esse índice. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo realizado na unidade de terapia intensiva de adultos do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, através da avaliação do IRRS em 73 pacientes consecutivos considerados clinicamente prontos para extubação. RESULTADOS: O IRRS com valor de corte clássico (105 ciclos/min/L) apresentou sensibilidade de 20 por cento e especificidade de 95 por cento (soma = 115 por cento). A análise da curva receiver operator characteristic (ROC) demonstrou melhor valor de corte (76,5 ciclos/min/L), o qual forneceu sensibilidade de 66 por cento e especificidade de 74 por cento (soma = 140 por cento), e a área sob a curva ROC para o IRRS foi de 0,78. CONCLUSÕES: O valor de corte clássico do IRRS se mostrou inadequado nesta casuística, prevendo apenas 20 por cento dos pacientes com falha na extubação. A obtenção do novo valor de corte permitiu um acréscimo substancial de sensibilidade, com aceitável redução da especificidade. O valor da área sob a curva ROC indicou satisfatório poder discriminativo do índice, justificando a validação de sua aplicação.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) in predicting extubation failure among adult patients in the intensive care unit and to determine the appropriateness of the classical RSBI cut-off value. METHODS: This was a prospective study conducted in the adult intensive care unit of the Botucatu School of Medicine Hospital das Clínicas. The RSBI was evaluated in 73 consecutive patients considered clinically ready for extubation. RESULTS: The classical RSBI cut-off value (105 breaths/min/L) presented a sensitivity of 20 percent and a specificity of 95 percent (sum = 115 percent). Analysis of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve revealed a better cut-off value (76.5 breaths/min/L), which presented a sensitivity of 66 percent and a specificity of 74 percent (sum = 140 percent). The area under the ROC curve for the RSBI was 0.78. CONCLUSIONS: The classical RSBI cut-off value proved inappropriate, predicting only 20 percent of the cases of extubation failure in our sample. The new cut-off value provided substantial improvement in sensitivity, with an acceptable loss of specificity. The area under the ROC curve indicated that the discriminative power of the RSBI is satisfactory, which justifies the validation of this index for use.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Respiratory Rate , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects , Intensive Care Units , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Reference Standards , Respiratory Function Tests , ROC Curve , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Sensitivity and Specificity
13.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 82(5): 347-353, Sept.-Oct. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-438351

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a relação entre espaço morto e volume corrente (VD/VT) como preditivo de falha na extubação de crianças sob ventilação mecânica. MÉTODOS: Entre setembro de 2001 e janeiro de 2003, realizamos uma coorte, na qual foram incluídas todas as crianças (1 dia-15 anos) submetidas a ventilação mecânica na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica em que foi possível realizar a extubação e a ventilometria pré-extubação com a medida do índice VD/VT. Considerou-se falha na extubação a necessidade de reinstituição de algum tipo de assistência ventilatória, invasiva ou não, em um período de 48 horas. Para a análise dos pacientes que foram reintubados, definiu-se como sucesso-R a não reintubação. Para as análises estatísticas, utilizou-se um corte do VD/VT de 0,65. RESULTADOS: No período estudado, 250 crianças receberam ventilação mecânica na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Destas, 86 compuseram a amostra estudada. Vinte e uma crianças (24,4 por cento) preencheram o critério de falha de extubação, com 11 (12,8 por cento) utilizando suporte não-invasivo e 10 (11,6 por cento) reintubadas. A idade média foi de 16,8 (±30,1) meses, e a mediana, de 5,5 meses. A média do índice VD/VT de todos os casos foi de 0,62 (±0,18). As médias do índice VD/VT para os pacientes que tiveram a extubação bem sucedida e para os que falharam foram, respectivamente, 0,62 (±0,17) e 0,65 (±0,21) (p = 0,472). Na regressão logística, o índice VD/VT não apresentou correlação estatisticamente significativa com o sucesso ou não da extubação (p = 0,8458), nem para aqueles que foram reintubados (p = 0,5576). CONCLUSÕES: Em uma população pediátrica submetida a ventilação mecânica, por etiologias variadas, o índice VD/VT não possibilitou predizer qual a população de risco para falha de extubação ou reintubação.


OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT) as a predictor of extubation failure of children from mechanical ventilation. METHODS: From September 2001 to January 2003 we studied a cohort consisting of all children (1 day-15 years) submitted to mechanical ventilation at a pediatric intensive care unit who were extubated and for whom pre-extubation ventilometry data were available, including the VD/VT ratio. Extubation success was defined as no need for any type of ventilatory support, invasive or otherwise, within 48 hours. Patients who tolerated extubation, with or without noninvasive support, were defined as success-R and compared with those who were reintubated. Statistic analysis was based on a VD/VT cutoff point of 0.65. RESULTS:During the study period 250 children received mechanical ventilation at the pediatric intensive care unit. Eighty-six of these children comprised the study sample. Twenty-one children (24.4 percent) met the criteria for extubation failure, with 11 (12.8 percent) of these requiring non-invasive support and 10 (11.6 percent) reintubation. Their mean age was 16.8 (±30.1) months (median = 5.5 months). The mean VD/VT ratio for all cases was 0.62 (±0.18). Mean VD/VT ratios for patients with successful and failed extubations were 0.62 (±0.17) and 0.65 (±0.21) (p = 0.472), respectively. Logistic regression failed to reveal any statistically significant correlation between VD/VT ratio and success or failure of extubation (p = 0.8458), even for patients who were reintubated (p = 0.5576). CONCLUSIONS: In a pediatric population receiving mechanical ventilation due to a variety of etiologies, the VD/VT ratio was unable to predict the populations at risk of extubation failure or of reintubation.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Respiratory Dead Space/physiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Tidal Volume/physiology , Ventilator Weaning/standards , Epidemiologic Methods , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Treatment Failure , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects
14.
São Paulo; s.n; 2005. [82] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-415024

ABSTRACT

De acordo com dados de literatura, cerca de 15 por cento dos pacientes sob ventilação mecânica prolongada necessitam de reintubação em 48-72 horas após a extubação. O desenvolvimento de instrumentos preditivos do resultado do desmame e a otimização das decisões sobre a extubação requerem o conhecimento dos fatores de risco para a falência do desmame / The rate of weaning failure of patients who are removed from MV and extubated require reintubation within 48-72 horas hours after extubation. Many studies have focused on determining patient readness for weaning failure. Patients requiring reintubation after weaning have a poor prognosis...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Ventilator Weaning/statistics & numerical data , Cohort Studies , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects , Ventilator Weaning/mortality , Prognosis
15.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 65(5): 255-9, sept.-oct. 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-143950

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron durante 17 meses, 300 episodios consecutivos de ventilación mecánica en 294 pacientes. Se definieron previamente 14 tipos de complicaciones, incluyendo las dependientes de la entubación y extubación, el tubo endotraqueal, la traqueostomía, el ventilador y las complicaciones médicas. La edad de los pacientes varió de un mes a 14 años. La media de la duración de la ventilación mecánica fue 6,32 días (márgenes una hora y 85 días). Se registraron una o mas complicaciones en 166 de 300 procedimientos (55,3 por ciento). Las mas frecuentes fueron entubación monobronquial 11,6 por ciento; aotoextubación 11,6 por ciento; obstrucción del tubo endotraqueal 11,4 por ciento; neumonia nosocomial 9,3 por ciento; procedimiento prolongado de entubación 6,6 por ciento y barotrauma 6,6 por ciento. La letalidad global fue de 32,6 por ciento y en siete casos la complicación tuvo incidencia directa en ella: en dos pacientes por obstrucción del tubo endotraqueal, en uno por barotrauma, uno por atelectasia masiva pulmonar y tres por neumonia nosocomial. Los últimos tres niños eran menores de un año, con cardiopatías congénitas complejas y con tiempo de ventilación mecánica prolongada


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Respiratory Paralysis/complications , Heart Arrest/complications , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects
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